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Pakistan Will Not Permit The U.S. to Strike Terrorists

Monday , 07 January 2008

Pakistan Rejects US Plans to Strike Terrorists
on its Soil

Pakistan says it will not permit the United
States to unilaterally hunt terrorists on its
soil, despite a common desire to defeat
radical Islamist militants. VOA's Michael
Bowman reports, the statements from Pakistani
officials follow a U.S. media report that the
Bush administration has considered expanding
U.S. military and intelligence operations in
Pakistan's tribal regions, thought to be a
possible hiding place for Osama bin Laden.

Pakistan's foreign ministry is downplaying the
New York Times story as speculative, but
military officials in Islamabad are far more
blunt in rejecting possible U.S. activities
within their country's borders.

A Pakistani army spokesman, Major General
Waheed Arshad, says Pakistan has been clear on
the issue, and no foreign forces will be
allowed to operate inside Pakistan.

The New York Times is reporting that President
Bush's top advisors have debated stepping up
covert operations in Pakistan's northern
tribal regions, where the country's central
government exercises little control. The Times
says the move was considered amid concerns
that terrorist forces are intensifying efforts
to destabilize Pakistan, a critical U.S. ally
in the war on terror with a nuclear arsenal.

Speaking on CNN's Late Edition program,
Pakistan's ambassador to the United States,
Mahmud Ali Durrani, said his government takes
the terrorist threat seriously and is actively
combating it on its own.

"We are totally focused on destroying al-Qaida
and the Taleban network, and not just one
person," said Mahmud Ali Durrani. "We are
looking at the broader issue."

The ambassador added that neither Pakistan nor
the United States knows precisely where
terrorist mastermind Osama bin Laden may be
hiding, but if his whereabouts were known
inside Pakistan, then Pakistani forces would
have, in his words, "taken him out."

The delicate situation in Pakistan, including
the postponement of national elections
following the assassination last month of
former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, has been
the subject of commentary by U.S. presidential
candidates. Months ago, Democratic Senator
Barack Obama made headlines when he stated
that he would not hesitate to authorize
unilateral U.S. military action to eliminate
bin Laden in Pakistani territory.

Speaking on NBC's Meet the Press program,
Republican Senator John McCain, who once
pledged to pursue bin Laden, as he put it, "to
the gates of hell", suggested he would not
have to bypass Pakistan's government to kill
or capture the al-Qaida leader.

"[President] Musharraf and I have a
relationship that goes back a number of
years," said John McCain. "I would be in
constant communication with him. And I am sure
that, publicly or privately, he would be
working very closely [with the United
States]."

McCain described Mr. Musharraf as a "good man"
but someone "who has made mistakes". He added
that Pakistan needs free and fair elections to
move forward.

The senator's last point was echoed by
Democratic presidential contender Bill
Richardson. But, speaking on Late Edition,
Richardson said President Musharraf should
step down.

"What is in our best interest is a
broadly-based democratic government in
Pakistan," said Bill Richardson. "Musharraf is
a source of tremendous support for al-Qaida
and terrorist elements."

Richardson urged President Musharraf to allow
a caretaker government to rule until elections
are held.

By Michael Bowman
VOA News, Washington
06 January 2008
Pakistan

SOP Intelligence profile : Pakistan by SOPnewswire

The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan
(with two sections West and East) and largely Hindu India was never
satisfactorily resolved. A third war between these countries in 1971
resulted in East Pakistan seceding and becoming the separate nation of
Bangladesh. A dispute over the state of Kashmir is ongoing. In response to
Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan conducted its own tests in 1998.
The Kashmir dispute is now again threatening the "peace" between the two
nations.

General

Pakistan is located between Iran and Afghanistan on the west and India on
the east and China in the north.

The official name of the country is Islamic Republic of Pakistan -
"Pakistan" in short.

Pakistan is a federal republic with capital Islamabad.

Administrative divisions

4 provinces (Balochistan, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, Sindh),
1 territory (Federally Administered Tribal Areas) and 1 capital territory
(Islamabad Capital Territory).

Note: the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir
region includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas.

Military branches

Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed Forces, National Guard.

Intelligence and Security

* Ministry of Interior

* Federal Investigation Authority (FIA)

* Narcotics Control Division

* Intelligence Bureau (IB)

* Directorate of Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI)

* Directorate of Inter-Services Public Relations

* Military Intelligence (MI)

From 1958 to 1970, the USA maintained one of the largest SIGINT stations
in the world at Bada Bier in Pakistan. The base was located on a strategic
place near Afghanistan and only 240 km from the Soviet border. Ideal to
eavesdrop on Soviet and Chinese communications. In the early 1980's the
USA was permitted to re-establish the Bada Bier station. The US needed a
new facility because they had to abandon the Iran facility in 1979 and
reportedly moved back to Bada Bier. The station was now useful to monitor
the Soviet/Afghan war.

Russian SIGINT posts were (still are?) established in the Russian
consulate in Karachi and the embassy in Islamabad.

Ministry of Interior

The Ministry of Interior is responsible for two agencies: the Federal
Investigative Agency and the Narcotics Control Division. In addition to
these agencies, the government has control over a number of specialized
police forces and paramilitary organisations:

National guard

The National Guard has the following branches: Janbaz Force, Mujahid
Force, National Cadet Corps and the Women Guards

Frontier corps

The Frontier Corps are subordinate to the Ministry of Interior.

Pakistan rangers

Pakistan Rangers are also subordinate to the Ministry of Interior.

Other organisations

* Anti-corruption Task Force

* Railroad and Airport Police Forces

* Maritime Security Agency

* Coast Guard

Federal investigative agency (FIA)

The duties of the security forces in the British days were mainly the
maintenance of law and order, not very different from their current
duties.

The FIA reportedly has contacts with the Israeli Mossad to investigate
Islamist terrorists. In the past the agency clashed with the ISI when the
FIA launched a secret war against the Islamists.

Narcotics control division (NCD)

The Narcotics Control Division was formed in April, 1989. Prior to that
date, the Ministry of Interior and the PNCB -Pakistan Narcotics Control
Board- handled these matters.

PNCB and the ANTF -Anti Narcotics Task Force- are the two main branches of
the NCD, where PNCB is in charge of the coordinating, controlling and
supervisory functions, and the ANTF investigates everything that has to do
with drugs (smuggling, production, transportation, etc, etc.)

Intelligence bureau (IB)

IB is one of the most important security agencies in Pakistan that reports
directly to the Prime Minister's office. The agency is mainly focussed on
domestic political activities. It monitors politicians, political
activists, suspected terrorists, and suspected foreign intelligence agents
and politicians.

Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI)

Together with the Intelligence Bureau and Military Intelligence, ISI is
one of the main intelligence agencies of Pakistan. It was founded in 1948
and is charged with safeguarding Pakistan's interests, monitoring
opposition politicians, and sustaining military rule in Pakistan.

The ISI is a very powerful agency that reportedly answers to nobody; not
to the government and not to the military. According to various sources
no-one seems to be in total control over the ISI. Their actions are often
dubious; rumor has it that the war in Kashmir is financed with drugs money
generated by the ISI.

The tasks of the ISI include:

* SIGINT activities.

* collection of intelligence, both domestic and international.

* surveillance of foreigners, embassy and consulate personnel in
Pakistan and Pakistani diplomats in other countries.

The ISI has a number of divisions, including:

* Joint Counter Intelligence Bureau (JCIB). JCIB is responsible for
surveillance of Pakistani diplomats abroad, as well as for conducting
intelligence operations in the Middle East, Afghanistan, South Asia,
China and the Muslim republics of the former Soviet Union.

* Joint Intelligence Miscellaneous (JIM) conducts espionage and covert
activities in foreign countries.

* Joint Intelligence X (JIX) is the administrative division of the ISI.

* Joint Intelligence Bureau (JIB). This division is responsible for
political intelligence.

* Joint Signal Intelligence Bureau (JSIB) operates a chain of SIGINT
collection stations along the border with India, and provides
communication support to militants operating in Kashmir.

* Joint Intelligence North (JIN) is responsible for operations in Jammu,
Kashmir and Afghanistan.

* Joint Intelligence Technical (JIT) is tasked with the collection of
technical intelligence.

Like the ISPR, the ISI is also affiliated with the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Committee. This committee deals with the military aspects of state
security.

When the Soviets invaded Afghanistan, the CIA provided ISI a large
quantity of espionage equipment and information. Throughout the years of
Soviet occupation of Afghanistan and recently during the war against
terrorism in Afghanistan, governmental relations between the USA and
Pakistan were close, although forces within the ISI sided with Al Qaida
and supplied them with weapons and information. Not surprising of course
as the ISI supported the Taliban and trained some 83,000 Afghan Mujahideen
warriors during the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. Now they support
Kashmiri Mujahideen in their fight against the Indian authorities in
Kashmir. The ISI is not only involved in the politics in Kashmir and
Afghanistan, but also plays an important role in domestic politics. It is
widely believed that the 1990 elections were fixed by the ISI.

Like Al Qaida, the ISI is reported to operate training camps where
terrorist groups, separatist or freedom fighters (or whatever they like to
call themselves) are trained. The following groups are mentioned in this
respect:

* Liberation Tigers

* United Liberation Front Of Seven Sisters [ULFOSS]

* National Security Council of Nagaland [NSCN]

* People's Liberation Army [PLA]

* United Liberation Front of Assam [ULFA]

* North East Students Organisation [NESO]

Office of Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR)

The ISPR controls and coordinates the release of military news and access
to military sources. The agency censors the news coverage with regards to
the armed forces, intelligence and certain political sensitive matters.

Military intelligence (MI)

MI's activities include operations in Sindh against the Indian
intelligence operatives. This organization also monitors the activities of
the leaders of political opposition groups.

Sources:
A wide variety of internet/radio/tv/newspaper sources including the
Federation of American Scientists (FAS), CIA World Factbook, "Signals
Intelligence (SIGINT) in South Asia" by Desmond Ball, Library of Congress
(Area Handbook).

http://www.cvni.net/radio/nsnl/nsnl051/nsnl51pk.html

ISI, CIA and Mossad carried out a covert transfer of Soviet-made Palestine
Liberation Organization and Lebanese weapons captured by the Israelis during
the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in June 1982 and their subsequent transfer
to Pakistan and then into Afghanistan. All knowledge of this weapon transfer
was kept secret and was only made public recently.

Major failures of the ISI

The 1965 war in Kashmir provoked a major crisis in intelligence. When the
war started, there was a complete collapse of the operations of all the
intelligence agencies, which had been largely devoted to domestic
investigative work such as tapping telephone conversations and chasing
political suspects. The covert infiltration plan, codenamed Operation
Gibraltar was essentially an intelligence fiasco, partly due to ISI, after
having overestimated so called "local support" to infiltrators in Kashmir
and having underestimated the Indian response to the plan. The ISI, after
the commencement of the 1965 Indo-Pakistan war, was apparently unable to
locate an Indian armored division due to its preoccupation with political
affairs. Ayub Khan set up a committee headed by General Yahya Khan to
examine the working of the agencies.

ISI failed to suppress the political parties in East Pakistan in the 1970s
as well as stop Indian infiltration which led to the creation of Bangladesh.

In 1981, a Libyan Security company called Al Murtaza Associates sends
recruiters to Pakistan to entice former soldiers and servicemen for high
paying security jobs in Libya. In reality, Libya was recruiting mercenaries
to fight with Chad and Egypt as it had border disputes with both nations.
Only later did the ISI become aware of the plot and the whole scheme was
stopped, but nearly 2,700 Pakistanis had already left for those jobs.[22]

The PAF Field Intelligence Unit at their base in Karachi in July 1980
captured an Indian agent. He was interrogated and revealed that a large
network of Indian spies were functioning in Karachi. The agent claimed that
these spies, in addition to espionage, had also assassinated a few armed
personnel. He also said the leader of the spy ring was being headed by the
food and beverages manager at the Intercontinental Hotel in Karachi and a
number of serving Air Force officers and ratings were on his payroll. The
ISI decided to survey the manager to see who he was in contact with, but
then President of Pakistan Zia-ul Haq superseded and wanted the manager and
anyone else involved in the case arrested immediately. It was later proven
that the manager was completely innocent.[22]

ISI failed to perform a proper background check on the British company which
supplied the Pakistan Army with its Arctic-weather gear. When Pakistan
attempted to secure the top of the Siachen Glacier in 1984, it placed a
large order for Arctic-weather gear with the same company that also supplied
the Indian Army with its gear. Indians were easily alerted to the large
Pakistani purchase and deduced that this large purchase could be used to
equip troops to capture the glacier. India then mounted an operation
(Operation Meghdoot) and secured the top of the glacier before Pakistan.

ISI was unable to induce the Afghan mujahideen - to whom it had provided
large sums of funding during its fight with Marxist forces during the 1980s
- to cooperate and unite following the withdrawal of the Soviet Union from
Pakistan's neighbor Afghanistan in 1989. The war against the Marxist
government and civil war between the Mujahideen that followed killed many
thousands and caused enormous destruction.

The Taliban regime that the ISI supported after 1994 to suppress warlord
fighting and in hopes of bringing stability to Afghanistan proved too rigid
in its Islamic interpretations and too fond of the Al-Qaeda based on its
soil. Despite receiving large sums of aid from Pakistan, the Taliban leader
Mullah Omar is reported to have insulted a visiting delegation of Saudi
Prince Sultan and an ISI general asking that the Taliban turn over bin Laden
to Saudi Arabia.[24] Following the 9/11 attack on the United States by
Al-Qaeda, Pakistan felt it necessary to switch sides and cooperate with the
US and the Northern Alliance in a war against the Taliban.

ISI failed to calculate the international reaction to the Kargil operation
in summer of 1999. Subsequent heavy pressure by foreign countries such as
USA forced the Pakistani-backed forces to withdraw from Kargil.

In the BBC Newsnight Programme on 27 September 2006, a research paper
prepared for the Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom), was quoted linking
the ISI with support for the Taliban and other terrorist acts in the
west.[32] The report states, "The US/UK cannot begin to turn the tide until
they identify the real enemies from attacking ideas tactically - and seek to
put in place a more just vision. This will require Pakistan to move away
from Army rule and for the ISI to be dismantled and more significantly
something to be put in its place."[33] This was denied by President
Musharraf, "I totally, 200% reject it. I reject it from anybody - MoD or
anyone who tells me to dismantle ISI."[34] The Council on Foreign Relations,
a US foreign policy think tank published an article casting doubt on some of
the accusations, 'Though Pakistan does offer safe haven to Kashmiri groups,
and perhaps some Taliban fighters, the suggestion that the ISI is
responsible for the 7/7 bombings of London's mass transit system is "a
real stretch," [Kathy] Gannon says'.[35] However, a later report by the
same think tank, The Council on Foreign Relations, stated there was probably
support for terrorism from rogue elements of the ISI [1].

U.S. Officials Review Approach in Pakistan

Fight Against Al-Qaeda May Intensify

By Ann Scott Tyson and Robin Wright
Washington Post Staff Writers
Monday, January 7, 2008; Page A13

The political upheaval in Pakistan and emergence there of a new military
leader has revitalized the Bush administration's long struggle to develop
a coherent strategy for uprooting al-Qaeda from Pakistan's western tribal
areas, U.S. officials said yesterday.

The administration is hopeful that Pakistan's new army chief, Gen. Ashfaq
Kiyani, will support more robust efforts involving U.S. intelligence and
military operatives targeting al-Qaeda's terrorist sanctuaries in the
country, the officials said.

"Kiyani has a strong recognition that things haven't worked," said one
senior military official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because
of the sensitivity of the topic. "He recognizes the level of competence
and proficiency" of Pakistan's forces "will need attention."

The unrest has led to a greater focus in Washington on threats facing
Pakistan, including not only terrorism, but increasingly a growing
religious insurgency, said another senior military official. "The
conditions we face are not waiting, so why should we wait?" he said.

Senior U.S. officials discussed at the White House last week a new
proposal to give U.S. Special Operations forces and the CIA greater leeway
to conduct operations in the tribal areas.

But that proposal, along with several different U.S. scenarios for
addressing the sanctuary, remains hampered by bureaucratic infighting in
Washington, according to senior military officials familiar with the
plans. "There should be a plan, singular. That is what we are trying to do
now," one official said.

One point of contention involves who within the U.S. government would
approve operations in the Federally Administered Tribal Area, the rugged
and lawless region bordering Afghanistan.

The Pentagon seeks greater authority to conduct operations while
coordinating with the State Department. Adm. Eric Olson, head of U.S.
Special Operations Command, visited Pakistan last month and discussed with
President Pervez Musharraf and senior military leaders how else the U.S.
military can assist in countering "a very complex insurgency," one
military official said.

The State Department position is that the U.S. ambassador should approve
every operation in Pakistan.

The impasse between the Pentagon and State Department proved a sticking
point in last week's meeting, although the disagreement is known to have
festered since 2002.

The meeting, attended by Adm. Michael Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs
of Staff, and other senior national security advisers, was first reported
yesterday by the New York Times. Administration officials confirmed that
the meeting took place, but spokesmen for the Pentagon, CIA and State
Department declined yesterday to discuss it.

Currently, the main U.S. counterinsurgency effort in Pakistan consists of
a multiyear package of economic development and military assistance that
is now beginning to be implemented. The military component aims to bolster
training and equipment for Pakistan's Frontier Corps, which operates in
the tribal areas, and to step up training of elite Pakistani Army units by
U.S. Special Forces.

Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates recently warned that al-Qaeda and
Taliban havens are a serious problem. "One of the top-agenda items that we
have with the government of Pakistan is working together in terms of . . .
what they can do more unilaterally, how we can work with them to help them
be more effective, and whether there are instances in which we should or
must take action by ourselves," Gates told a House committee.

In Pakistan, speculation has intensified for weeks that the Bush
administration would act unilaterally in the northwestern frontier to
counter al-Qaeda's growing presence.

Some U.S. military sources said that such public speculation, while
unfounded, nevertheless serves to lessen the political cost of any U.S.
actions.

Still, some Pakistani observers warn that a more visible U.S. presence
would almost certainly trigger a backlash against Musharraf. "It would
give the militant Islamic parties a strong whip to use against moderates,
especially in the northwest territories," said Shuja Nawaz, a
Washington-based Pakistani journalist and author.

Staff writers Joby Warrick and Michael Abramowitz contributed to this
report.

.Benazir may have been shot dead.

She was responsible for her death: Musharraf

WASHINGTON: Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf has conceded for the first
time that a gunman may have shot the former Prime Minister, Benazir Bhutto,
media reports said on Sunday. However, General (retd.) Musharraf insisted
that she was responsible for her death as she exposed herself to danger
despite being given .more security than any other person..

Gen. Musharraf, whose comments came days after the government claimed
Benazir died of a skull fracture and not from a gunshot wound, is facing
intense criticism over the administration.s explanation of the killing of
the Opposition leader.

.For standing up outside the car, I think it was she to blame alone. Nobody
else. Responsibility is hers,. Gen. Musharraf told CBS in an interview.

The 54-year-old Benazir was killed on December 27 in Rawalpindi, near the
capital Islamabad, while standing up in her bullet-proof car through the
sunroof to wave to her supporters. A suicide-bomber also blew himself up
near her car. The government initially said she died as she hit her head on
the lever of the car.s sunroof.

This version was widely criticised, especially after a video footage was
broadcast on TV channels showing a man pointing a gun towards Benazir. Asked
if he believed a gunshot could have caused her head injury, Gen. Musharraf
replied, .Yes, yes,. according to the partial transcript of the interview,
which is yet to be broadcast.

When the questioner asked again, .So, she may have been shot,. he said,
.Yes, absolutely, yes. Possibility..

Gen. Musharraf also maintained that the government did everything possible
to give Benazir the security she needed. .You have to remember she had the
threat. So she was given more security than any other person..

.Need for U.N. probe.

His admission that Benazir might have been shot dead has reinforced the need
for an independent United Nations-led investigation into her assassination,
her Pakistan People.s Party (PPP) said.

Party spokesman Farhatullah Babar told PTI: .The government has been
constantly changing its stand and that has given rise to doubts and
suspicions.

.This also reinforces our demand for an independent United Nations-led
inquiry into Mohtarma [Benazir] Bhutto.s assassination on the lines of the
probe into the murder of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri..

Pakistan reacted angrily to reports that U.S. President George W. Bush was
considering covert military operations in the tribal areas bordering
Afghanistan. .It is not up to the U.S. administration, it is Pakistan.s
government which is responsible for this country,. chief military spokesman
Waheed Arshad said. The New York Times reported that in the wake of
Benazir.s killing the White House was planning to approve such military
operations. . Agencies

http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/07/stories/2008010764370100.htm